Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances

• Zixiao Wang,
• Feichen Cui,
• Yang Sui and
• Jiajun Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1580–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.116

• well-defined polymer brushes from polymer surfaces [170][171]. Photoinduced processes, including photoATRP and PET-RAFT were used [172][173][174][175]. Poly(aryl ether ketone)s such as poly(ether ether ketone), bearing a diaryl ketone moiety resembling that of benzophenone, can generate biradicals upon

Adjusting the length of supramolecular polymer bottlebrushes by top-down approaches

• Tobias Klein,
• Franka V. Gruschwitz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Ivo Nischang,
• Stephanie Hoeppener and
• Johannes C. Brendel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2621–2628, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.175

• (CDSA) or the synthesis of covalently bound cylindrical polymer brushes (CPBs) offer access to a defined fiber length [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. However, they also suffer from disadvantages, such as significant experimental effort to evaluate suitable reaction procedures for the synthesis or

Post-functionalization of drug-loaded nanoparticles prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) with mitochondria targeting ligands

• Janina-Miriam Noy,
• Fan Chen and
• Martina Stenzel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2302–2314, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.148

• above a micelle shell of ordered polymer brushes. This assumes that the targeting ligand is well protruding out of the surface, which is usually not the case when the ligand was attached to endfunctionality of a micelle and is not attached to a longer chain. Chan and co-workers have shown that the

Constrained thermoresponsive polymers – new insights into fundamentals and applications

• Patricia Flemming,
• Alexander S. Münch,
• Andreas Fery and
• Petra Uhlmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2123–2163, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.138

• turbidimetry (determination of the cloud point) is available. For thermoresponsive interfaces in the form of polymer brushes on a flat substrate or on nanoparticles, however, there are only very limited comparable analytical characterization methods, which consequently leads to a distortion of terminologies

• interactions in the brush dominate over the intramolecular ones. As a result, the chain conformation within the brush structure is always stretched compared to unattached pendants. The first theoretical investigations into the swelling behavior of polymer brushes based on the work of de Gennes [119][120] and

• –temperature graphs for polymer brushes. With regard to the interactions between the chains, a distinction is made between so-called classical polymer brushes, in which only van der Waals interactions dominate between the chains, nonclassical neutral brushes, in which additional specific interactions occur

Gallium-containing polymer brush film as efficient supported Lewis acid catalyst in a glass microreactor

• Rajesh Munirathinam,
• Roberto Ricciardi,
• Richard J. M. Egberink,
• Jurriaan Huskens,
• Michael Holtkamp,
• Herbert Wormeester,
• Uwe Karst and
• Willem Verboom

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1698–1704, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.194

• Polystyrene sulfonate polymer brushes, grown on the interior of the microchannels in a microreactor, have been used for the anchoring of gallium as a Lewis acid catalyst. Initially, gallium-containing polymer brushes were grown on a flat silicon oxide surface and were characterized by FTIR, ellipsometry, and

• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS revealed the presence of one gallium per 2–3 styrene sulfonate groups of the polymer brushes. The catalytic activity of the Lewis acid-functionalized brushes in a microreactor was demonstrated for the dehydration of oximes, using cinnamaldehyde oxime as a

• ; polymer brushes; Introduction Heterogeneous catalysis plays a crucial role in organic synthesis both in industry and academia. In the present situation, microreactors offer a number of benefits over classical setups [1][2][3]. Especially, heterogeneous catalysis in a continuous-flow microreactor is

The synthesis of well-defined poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-grafted nanoparticles via RAFT polymerization

• John Moraes,
• Kohji Ohno,
• Guillaume Gody,
• Thomas Maschmeyer and
• Sébastien Perrier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.139

• aim was to form polymer brushes on the surface of the particles. Thus, the so-called “grafting from” approach, where the R-group of the RAFT agent is attached to the silica particle [12][35], was used to obtain a high grafting density [36]. The sulfur content of the particles (hereby SiP–RAFT) was

Hybrid biofunctional nanostructures as stimuli-responsive catalytic systems

• Gernot U. Marten,
• Thorsten Gelbrich and
• Annette M. Schmidt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 922–931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.98

• polymer brush on the surface of single nanoparticles has proved to be a valuable tool for the design of single-cored hybrid structures with tailored dispersion behavior [17][18][19][21][27][28][29][30]. Magnetic polymer brushes with thermoflocculation behavior have been reported for organic solvents by

• electrostatically stabilized nanoparticles Fe3O4@CA, initiator functionalized nanoparticles Fe3O4@CPS and magnetic polymer brushes Fe3O4@P(O100) are shown. Obviously, the graphs are almost perfectly matched after normalization by the saturation magnetization Ms, demonstrating that the magnetization behavior of the

• magnetic cores does not change during the synthesis of the polymer brushes. Furthermore, it can be observed from the graphs that the particles’ cores are superparamagnetic and show no hysteresis in all investigated samples. By employing Chantrell´s method [49], we extract values for the core diameter